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Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing?
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00148_Field_frep49.txt
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1996-12-30
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MAPS OF THE CORTEX
A tilted line segment shining in
the visual field of the left eye
(shown to the right) may cause
this hypothetical pattern of
activation of a small area of
striate cortex (shown to the
left). The activation is confined
to a small cortical area, which
is long and narrow to reflect
the shape of the line; within
this area, it is confined to left
ocular-dominance columns and
to orientation columns
representing a two o'clock-
eight o'clock tilt. Cortical
representation is not simple!
When we consider that the
orientation domains are not
neat parallel lines, suggested
here for simplicity, but far
more complex, as shown in the
first deoxyglucose figure and
Blasdel's figure seen in the last
section, the representation
becomes even more intricate.
Now that we know something
about the mapping of
orientation and ocular-
dominance parameters onto the
cortex, we can begin to
consider the relation between
these maps and the projections
of the visual fields. It used to be
said that the retina mapped to
the cortex in point-to-point
fashion, but given what we
know about the receptive fields
of cortical cells, it is clear that
this cannot be true in any strict
sense: each cell receives input
from thousands of rods and
cones, and its receptive field is
far from being a point. The map
from retina to cortex is far more
intricate than any simple
point-to-point map. I have tried
in the figure to the left to map
the distribution of regions on
the cortex that are activated by
a simple stimulus (not to be
confused with the receptive
field of a single cell). The
stimulus is a short line tilted at
60 degrees to the vertical,
presented to the left eye only.
We suppose that this part of the
visual field projects to the area
of cortex indicated by the
rounded-corner rectangle.
Within that area, only left-eye
slabs will be activated, and of
these, only 60-degree slabs;
these are filled in in black in
the illustration. So a line in
the visual field produces a
bizarre distribution of cortical
activity in the form, roughly, of
an array of bars.
Now you can begin to see how
silly it is to imagine a little
green man sitting up in our
head, contemplating such a
pattern. The pattern that the
cortex happens to display is
about as relevant as the pattern
of activity of a video camera's
insides, wires and all, in
response to an outside scene.
The pattern of activity on the
cortex is anything but a
reproduction of the outside
scene. If it were, that would
mean only that nothing
interesting had happened
between eye and cortex, in
which case we would indeed
need a little green man.